This report examines the impact of generative AI on research ethics. We are rapidly heading towards a scenario where generative AI tools, such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, play a crucial role in academic research. From conducting literature reviews and framing hypotheses to drafting surveys, generative AI-based applications can revolutionise each aspect of the academic research process.  

This paper is an updated analysis of the impact of the 1% tax deducted at source (TDS) on trading in crypto assets (referred to as VDAs – virtual digital assets – in the Indian Income Tax Act 1961) introduced in India in 2022. The 1% TDS levy seems intended to discourage speculative activity and increase traceability in the VDA ecosystem.

In a recently published Esya Centre report “Virtual Digital Asset Tax Architecture in India: A Critical Examination”, we show that the main (unintended) impact of the tax policy on Indian VDA industry is offshoring of domestic business and liquidity to foreign exchanges. This report, extends the earlier work by examining – how the tax architecture changed the risk exposure of investors trading on centralised VDA exchanges in the country.