The Oberoi, New Delhi, July 2023: The potential implementation of a network usage fee (NUF) in India presents a seismic change to the working of the internet and actors transacting on it. It is, therefore, necessary for stakeholders to deliberate the possible outcomes a NUF will yield and what it will mean for consumers and digital businesses. The Esya Centre and the Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) convened a closed-door multi-stakeholder roundtable to garner both domestic and international perspectives on the subject.